The Cordite factory Aruvankadu is the oldest and most significant defence establishment specialising in the production of high-quality propellants and explosives. The unit is perfectly situated in the scenic hilly region of the Nilgiris District in Tamil Nadu. The facility’s strategic location makes it well-connected. The factory is present on the Ooty Coonoor main road, which is 5Km away from Coonoor and 12Km away from Ooty.
The facility was originally founded during the colonial era. Originally a historic powder mill, it has now become a modernised manufacturing unit. Now, it operates as a specialised division under Munitions India Limited.
Getting to know more about its history!
The government has selected Aruvankadu due to its stable climate, which is ideal for the sensitive processes involved in the manufacturing of military propellants. Traditionally, it was the first smokeless propellant factory. Before the factory was established, the military relied heavily on the black gunpowder, which left smoke residues. This introduces the cordite, a smokeless propellant made of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine.
Throughout history, it has played a vital role in safeguarding national security. The factory operates with its maximum capacity to supply to the Indian Armed forces during major geopolitical conflicts like the Indo-China wars, the Indo-Pakistani wars and during the 1999 Kargil war.
What are the core products produced here?
The core product of the Cordite factory, Aruvankadu, is the preparation of chemical propellants used in small-arms ammunition and heavy artillery systems.
- Propellant formulation
The unit produces nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin, which are blended with chemical stabilisers, such as carbamates, to produce stable propellants.
- Military supply
According to official data, the unit operates as a pioneer provider of propellants specifically produced for tailoring various types of artillery shells. The company is also producing small arms cartridges and naval ammunition.
- Civil diversification
To maximise the utilisation of surplus plants, unit manufacturers use industrial-grade nitrocellulose. The chemical input is supplied to the civilian market, which helps produce items such as lacquers, premium paints, and automotive castings.
Know about the facility’s infrastructure!
CFA operates as a sprawling, heavily guarded campus due to the hazardous nature of chemical explosive manufacturing. The facility is producing customised infrastructure, such as blast-rolling bays.
- Connectivity
The facility is connected strategically by road and rail networks. It is located around 85km from the industrial city of Coimbatore and 35km from Mettupalayam.
- Resource self-reliance
The campus incorporates a water reservoir that maintains the volume of water required for chemical cooling and processing safely.
- Improved security
To maintain adequate protection and emergency backup, the facility is supported by the Madras Regimental Centre, located just 5 km from Wellington.
- Safety protocols
Since it operates as a high-risk chemical propellant, the facility must follow rigorous security protocols. Over time, the plant has weathered industrial accidents, such as major explosions in 2010 and 2022, which again underscores the need to follow strict regulations.
Conclusion
The Cordite factory, Aruvankadu, is a major defence establishment specialising in the manufacture of explosives and propellants, situated strategically in the hilly region of Tamil Nadu, with a perfect location and climate for producing explosives. Now, it has evolved into a major central government employer, housing more than 2k permanent and contract workers who serve as the backbone of self-reliant India in the defence sector.
